What is the primary function of a robot's microcontroller?

The primary function of a robot's microcontroller is to run the downloaded program. This means that the microcontroller acts as the brain of the robot, executing the instructions that have been programmed into it to control the robot's behavior. The program typically includes algorithms that dictate how the robot should respond to inputs from its sensors, what movements to make, and how to interact with its environment.

While controlling the robot's movement and managing the power supply are important aspects of a robot's functionality, these tasks are carried out based on the instructions provided by the program running on the microcontroller. Similarly, data storage may occur as part of the system's functions but is not the primary role of the microcontroller itself. Thus, the execution of the program is fundamental to enabling all other functions of the robot.