What describes a circuit where components are connected end-to-end, so that current flows through each component in sequence?

A circuit where components are connected end-to-end, allowing current to flow through each component in sequence, is known as a series circuit. In a series configuration, the total current flows through each component one after another, and the voltage across the circuit is divided among the components based on their resistances.

This configuration means that if any single component fails or is removed, the entire circuit is interrupted, and current stops flowing. This is due to the continuous path that must be maintained for current to circulate through all components. Series circuits are commonly used in situations where the same current is required to pass through all components, like in string lights, where each bulb is connected in such a manner.

The other options represent different types of circuits or conditions. A parallel circuit, for example, provides multiple paths for current to flow, while an open circuit indicates a break in the path that prevents current from flowing. A closed circuit, on the other hand, refers to a complete loop allowing current to flow, but it doesn't specify the configuration of the components. Hence, the term that specifically describes the end-to-end connection, leading to sequential current flow through components, is a series circuit.