Robots that run by themselves without human control utilize what?

Robots that operate independently without direct human control rely on a microcontroller and autonomous programming. A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. In this context, it acts as the brain of the robot, processing information from various sensors and making decisions in real-time to navigate their environment.

Autonomous programming equips these robots with the necessary algorithms and instructions to interpret data, execute tasks, and adapt to changing conditions without external input. This combination of hardware (the microcontroller) and software (the autonomous program) allows the robot to function independently, make decisions based on sensor inputs, and carry out complex tasks automatically.

The other options do not accurately describe robots that operate autonomously. For example, remote controls require human input to direct the robot, while manual programming would necessitate human intervention for task execution. GPS navigation can be a component of an autonomous system, but it does not encompass the full architecture and programming abilities needed for the robot to function without human control.