How can hardwoods and softwoods be distinguished?

Hardwoods and softwoods are primarily distinguished based on the types of trees they come from. Hardwoods are sourced from deciduous trees, which shed their leaves annually. These trees typically have broad leaves and produce seeds enclosed in some form of fruit or nut. Examples of hardwood species include oak, maple, and cherry. On the other hand, softwoods originate from coniferous trees, which usually have needle-like leaves and produce cones for reproduction. Examples include pine, cedar, and spruce.

Understanding this classification is fundamental in woodworking and construction, as it informs decisions about the properties and applications of various types of wood. For instance, hardwoods tend to be denser and more durable, making them suitable for furniture and flooring, whereas softwoods are often more readily available and easier to work with, which makes them ideal for construction purposes.

The other options provide characteristics or uses of hardwoods and softwoods that can vary and do not serve as definitive distinguishing factors between the two classes of wood. Costs, uses in specific applications, and grain characteristics can overlap between hardwoods and softwoods, making them less reliable for classification purposes compared to their botanical origins.